Cornelia+and+the+Educational+Reform+Movement+of+the+Nineteenth+Century

A wave of religious fervor, the Second Great Awakening, influenced many social causes, such as the temperance movement. Reforms in education led to greater access to education for women, African Americans, and people with disabilities Problems in education at the time: poorly trained teachers, poorly funded schools, opposition to compulsory education, few educational opportunities for African Americans or women, problem of teaching students with disabilities Normal school: trained high school graduates to be teachers __Horace Mann __: disuse of corporal punishment in school discipline In 1838, he founded and edited //The Common School Journal//. The six main principles were: (1) the public should no longer remain ignorant; (2) that such education should be paid for, controlled, and sustained by an interested public; (3) that this education will be best provided in schools that embrace children from a variety of backgrounds; (4) that this education must be [|non-sectarian] ; (5) that this education must be taught by the spirit, methods, and discipline of a free society; and (6) that education should be provided by well-trained, professional teachers. Mann worked for more and better equipped school houses, longer school years (until 16 years old), higher pay for teachers, and a wider curriculum. Cornelia’s education of teachers: Methodology Recreation: Punishments For struggling students: Moral instruction Foreign Language classes <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">History <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Grammar <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Fine Arts <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Resources: <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 11px;">Questions to Consider: <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 11px;">Assignment: Writing Prompt <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 11px; line-height: 115%;">Cornelia Connelly has come to visit your school. Pretend you are Cornelia and write a letter to the school head telling whether you think the school exemplifies the ideals set out in the “Book of Studies
 * Lesson: Cornelia Connelly and Education Reform**
 * 1840s: Background information**
 * Reforming Education: What was going on at the time (1830s and 40s)**
 * What Cornelia Said: from the Book of Studies**
 * “Pupil teachers”: middle class students who learned by teaching younger students
 * “Book of Studies” was instruction for teachers in her schools, detailed instructions for teachers not under her direct supervision (similar to other books of the time for teacher instruction but the ideas were novel)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Repetition (“go repeatedly over the same ground”) (3)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">“lessons to be learned must not be too long nor beyond the capacity of the pupils” (3)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Focus on those students who are most “inattentive”
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Explanation of the lesson is given before “the memory is taxed”
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">“Nothing is to be committed to memory which has not been first well explained and illustrated” (22)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Use of blackboard is important as well as the variance of instructional methods
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Lessons should be clear, concise, and as “amusing and as interesting as possible” (3)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Papers must be corrected carefully and often (5)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Regard students as children of God
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">“lead by love rather than by fear” (80)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Students master the lesson by understanding the meaning
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Teachers must prepare lesson plans
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Teachers must show respect for one another
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">“The pupils must be watched over and spoken to with the greatest sweetness and charity”
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Exams should be rare
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Students should be instructed in the “art of reasoning”
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Lessons are animated and lively
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Education is lifelong. It is necessary to know how to learn
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Learning should be joyful
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">5 minute break between each class (2)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Students “forfeit a merit” (no demerits are given)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Do not be “hasty in punishing” (85)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">“Extra class lessons for those who are not able to follow the classes must be taken from the time devoted to foreign language” (2)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">To be hung on the wall: “A woman without piety and virtue is a disgrace to her sex” (10)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">“Hilarity and joy are the best manifestations of a peaceful conscience”
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Begun at youngest grade
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Foreign language must be spoken at “recreation” time
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">“It is essential to give students a knowledge of historic facts as . . . it is the facts . . . learnt in these first lessons on history that pupils afterwards classify and generalized” (50)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">“They should know what words mean before they spell them” (27)
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Part of a serious education
 * <span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; font-size: 15px;">Aesthetics provide “the meeting point of the material with the spiritual, of the human with the divine”
 * <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 11px;">DVD: A Love Full of Action (description of Cornelia’s life, educational philosophy, and her schools) <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 11px;">[]
 * <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 11px;">Book of Studies
 * <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 11px;">How was educational reform based on other social movements of the time?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 11px;">How was Cornelia similar to the educational reformers of her time?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Segoe UI','sans-serif'; font-size: 11px;">How was she different?